
Marks & Spencer’s new chief executive, Mark Bolland, thought he should find out how easy it is to shop in his company’s stores. A group of 10 test shoppers were given an hour to find and pay for 10 items each. Not a single one managed it.
He has ordered big changes without confessing that retailers design the shopping experience to be deliberately confusing. This is because confusion is believed to maximise revenue. Supermarkets, shopping centres and department stores are set out, not for your comfort and convenience, but to baffle and disorientate you. They aim to induce a condition known as the “Gruen transfer”, named after the man who designed the first shopping mall in 1956.
The Gruen transfer deliberately brings about “scripted disorientation”. Shoppers are so bamboozled that they forget what they wanted to buy and realise there are SO MANY THINGS they could be spending their money on.
It’s why, when you’re out shopping, you can rarely see the outside world. There are plenty of mirrors, but no sight of a bright, blue sky to remind you there are other things to do than shop. Here are a few more tricks they employ:
• Placing successive escalators in such a way that you have to walk around the floor to find the next route up. On the way, of course, you pass a variety of tempting purchases.
• In department stores, over the past few years, straight lines have been outlawed. Why let your customers go immediately to the department they want when you can lead them around umpteen tempting displays? This uses more shoe leather, too, which is good news for the footwear department.
• Placing essential items such as milk, bread and eggs as far as possible from the entrance. Supermarkets are fully aware that these are ‘need to buy’ items, making you pass aisles of groaning shelves to get to them, increasing the chances of you making further impulse purchases along the way. Other low margin staples will be tucked away in some hard to locate place, so you have to trawl the store to find them.
• Placing fruit and veg near the entrance, because these are thought to give customers a feeling of happiness and health, and rev them up to spend more.
• Placing regular-priced items in bins at aisle ends, so they resemble ‘bargain bins’ – even though they aren’t.
• Positioning high profit margin items at eye level. If you’re trying to save money, make sure you bend down to look at the lower shelves.
• Wafting the smell of freshly baked bread at all times of day to make you feel hungry, even though the actual baking probably finished hours before.
• Changing layouts to move regularly purchased items around. If something isn’t where you expect to find it, you have to pass a lot more products before you track it down.
• Deliberately confusing unit prices to prevent shoppers from making accurate comparisons. Similar items are often priced by weight for one commodity, and by volume for another
• Pricing luxury items ‘per 100g’ rather than ‘per kg’ so you don’t realise how much they really cost.
As far as we’re aware, no British supermarket has yet resorted to a trick employed by one American chain, which painted a child’s hopscotch game on the floor right beside all those ‘can we have?’ cereals. The lesson seems to be: make sure you eat before you shop, so that you’re not hungry; take a detailed list; and have a calculator handy. And a GCSE in maths wouldn’t go amiss.
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